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Bash shell的读取、声名和数组
2009年5月21日
变量的有效范围

1 启动一个shell时,操作系统分配一块内存给shell使用,这个区域的变量可以让子程序访问;
2 利用export功能,可以让变量内容写到上述内存中(环境变量);
3 当加载另一个shell时,子shell可以将父shell的环境变量所在的内存导入自己的环境变量区块中。

变量的键盘读取

#read

#读取 putin变量

[klot@localhost ~]$ read putin
This is put in.
[klot@localhost ~]$ echo $putin
This is put in.
[klot@localhost ~]$

# 10秒内输入自己的名字,制作成name变量

[klot@localhost ~]$ read -p "Enter your name:" -t 10 name
Enter your name:klot
[klot@localhost ~]$ echo $name
klot
# declare / typeset
# 这两个命令用于生命变量的属性
# -a 定义为数组(array)
# -i 定义为整数数字(integer)
# -x 定义为环境变量,与export一样
# -r 设置变量为只读属性(readonly)
# -f
# -F
# -t
# -p
# 求和:



[klot@localhost ~]$ declare -i sum=1+2+3
[klot@localhost ~]$ echo $sum
6
[klot@localhost ~]$ unset sum
[klot@localhost ~]$ echo $sum

# 直接生命整数变量时,不会进行计算:
[klot@localhost ~]$ sum=1+2
[klot@localhost ~]$ declare -i sum
[klot@localhost ~]$ echo $sum
1+2
[klot@localhost ~]$

# 为变量设置只读属性:
[klot@localhost ~]$ declare -r sum
[klot@localhost ~]$ sum=new
-bash: sum: readonly variable
[klot@localhost ~]$

# var 数组
[klot@localhost ~]$ var[1]=a
[klot@localhost ~]$ var[2]=b
[klot@localhost ~]$ var[3]=c
[klot@localhost ~]$ echo ${var[*]}
a b c
[klot@localhost ~]$

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posted by Klot @ 07:46:00  
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Stand Alone Complex by Klot